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ボルト締結部の有限要素法モデルの比較と部分固着モデルの提案設計者向けCAEを使ったボルト締結部の設計(8)(1/5 ページ)

部品の固定(締結)のために使用する“ボルトの設計”をテーマに、設計者向けCAE環境を用いて、必要とされる適切なボルトの呼び径と本数を決める方法を解説する。連載第8回では、解析専任者が行っているボルト締結部の有限要素法モデルをいくつか紹介し、実験データのある簡単な振動解析事例を解いて、解析精度を比較してみます。

» 2021年10月20日 10時00分 公開
印刷する 鬯ッ�ッ�ス�ッ�ス�ス�ス�ッ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ッ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ョ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ォ鬯ッ�ッ�ス�ッ�ス�ス�ス�ゥ鬮ッ蜈キ�ス�ケ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ィ鬯ッ�ゥ陝キ�「�ス�ス�ス�「�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ァ鬯ョ�ォ�ス�ー�ス�ス�ス�ス驕カ荵暦スゥ�ク�ス�ソ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ケ鬯ッ�ッ�ス�ョ�ス�ス�ス�ォ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�エ鬯ッ�ョ�ス�ョ髫イ蟷「�ス�カ�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�」�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�「�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�ス�スPost シェア -はてなブックマーク

 連載第1回で「ボルト締結部のCAE解析は案外難しい」と述べました。今回は、解析専任者が行っているボルト締結部の有限要素法モデルをいくつか紹介し、実験データのある簡単な振動解析事例を解いて、解析精度を比較してみます。設計者CAEでは“摩擦あり接触要素”を用いず、部品間の結合は“固着”として解析されていることが多いと思いますが、ここから少しステップアップしていきましょう。

⇒「連載バックナンバー」はこちら

ボルト締結部の状態

 図1に締結部のボルト軸方向応力分布を示します。ボルトはあらかじめ決められたトルクで締め付けられているので、軸力が発生しています。つまり、ボルトには引張応力、被締結体には圧縮応力が発生しています。アセンブリ解析では、組み立て直後の応力状態を“ゼロ”として、荷重がかかったときの応力を調べることが多いのですが、実は組み立て直後の締結部近傍は複雑な応力場となっているのです。また、被締結体に隙間が発生しています。

ボルト締結部の応力分布 図1 ボルト締結部の応力分布[クリックで拡大]

 今回紹介するモデルは、このような状況を再現でき、さらに振動解析で実験値に近い固有振動数を計算することができるのでしょうか。比較してみましょう。

比較のためのモチーフとした構造体

 比較のためのモチーフとした構造体を図2に示します。板厚が8[mm]のアルミ板を8本のM3ステンレスボルトで組み立てました。この構造体の固有振動数の実測値と、いろいろな方法でボルトをモデル化した有限要素法モデルによる計算値を比較します。

振動解析のモチーフとした構造体 図2 振動解析のモチーフとした構造体[クリックで拡大]

 M3ボルトは2[Nm]で締め付けました。摩擦係数を0.193[-]として、連載第6回で作成したExcelシートを使うと、軸力は2460[N]となります。この構造体を糸でつるして、ハンマーでたたいて振動させ、その振動数を測定し、周波数分析した測定結果を図3に示します。この図3にあるように、最低次の固有振動数は353[Hz]でした。

振動加速度の周波数分析結果 図3 振動加速度の周波数分析結果[クリックで拡大]

 なぜ、構造体をこのような箱にしたのかというと、この形はボルトにとって過酷な形状だからです。図4は、板に荷重Fが作用したときの力の状態です。b寸法が4[mm]と、a寸法と比べてとても小さいため、モーメントを釣り合わせるために荷重Gがとても大きくなります。つまり、振動時にボルトに大きな引張荷重が作用することになります。

ボルトと板に作用する力 図4 ボルトと板に作用する力[クリックで拡大]
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